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A popular spine model with a little less anatomical detail showing six-degrees of freedom. Helpful in the education of spine dynamics and loads.
A one-level spine model (L4-5) constructed from a degenerative spine showing disc height loss and facet arthropathy. New updated feature of foraminal stenosis.
This model has been constructed with a small suction cup and an adjacent polished facet surface to allow the demonstration of an audible release.
This lumbar model demonstrates unilateral facet innervation branching from three nerve root levels off the posterior primary division.
A C6-7 dynamic model showing a central herniating and dynamically extruding nucleus only under load. Show six degrees of freedom with this degenerated model.
This degenerative L4-5 model is a grade one spondylolisthesis with a narrowed spinal canal. A stiffened disc allows minor movement to show further stenosis in extension.
