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A one-level spine model (L4-5) constructed from a degenerative spine showing disc height loss and facet arthropathy. New updated feature of foraminal stenosis.
A C6-7 dynamic model showing a central herniating and dynamically extruding nucleus only under load. Show six degrees of freedom with this degenerated model.
This degenerative L4-5 model is a grade one spondylolisthesis with a narrowed spinal canal. A stiffened disc allows minor movement to show further stenosis in extension.